Gambella National Park located 07030’-08015’N/33045’-34015’E which is approximately 850 km west of Addis Ababa, is a protected area established in 1973 with the purpose of safeguarding a diverse range of wildlife and unique habitats. Spanning a total area of around 50,600 hectares, it stands as the largest protected area in the country.
The park is located between the Baro and Gilo Rivers, within the Gambella Regional State, and is home to the Nuer and Anuak people. The Nuer people, both males and females, have a distinctive tradition called cicatrisation, which involves creating raised patterns on their bodies.
The park’s original intent was to conserve the expansive swamp habitat and its remarkable wildlife. Situated along the Akobo River system, Gambella National Park provides a sanctuary for numerous species not found elsewhere in Ethiopia. Among these notable species are the Nile lechwe and white-eared kob. Moreover, the banks of the Baro River are brimming with a diverse array of birdlife, offering visitors an additional advantage.
The landscape of Gambella is characterized by low-lying, flat terrain, with altitudes ranging from 400 to 768 meters above sea level (masl). The average altitude hovers around 500 masl. Climatically classified as Kolla, the region experiences hot and humid weather. High temperatures occur just before the onset of the rainy season in May. The annual mean temperature ranges between 20.4°C and 34.8°C. Rainfall estimates indicate approximately 1400 mm in the plains. The wet season extends from May to October, while the dry season persists from November to April.
Gambella showcases a vast assortment of ecosystems, including savannahs, floodplains, riverside forests, meandering rivers, and grasslands. Although the general landscape is flat, there are elevated areas that support deciduous woodlands and grasslands. Extensive grassland areas become inundated with water during the rainy season, transforming into valuable seasonal wetlands. Additionally, there are substantial areas of permanently flooded wetlands, particularly near rivers. The grasses in Gambella exhibit lush growth, some reaching heights of 2 to 3 meters. The river edges and their associated cut-off lakes are also crucial habitats within the park.
Gambella is teeming with a diverse range of wildlife, boasting a recorded count of 41 larger mammal species. Buffalo, giraffe, taing (topi), waterbuck, roan antelope, white-eared kob, Nile lechwe, Burchell’s zebra, bushbuck, reedbuck, warthog, and elephant are among the most commonly sighted animals. The rivers are inhabited by healthy populations of hippopotamuses and Nile crocodiles. Bird enthusiasts will find delight in the park’s impressive avian population, which comprises at least 300 species, including 11 Sudan-Guinea Biome species. The Baro River is renowned for its Nile perch, with specimens weighing up to 100 kg having been caught. Additionally, Gambella holds the potential for undiscovered fish, amphibians, and reptile species.
Gambella National Park presents a diverse collection of wildlife, some of which are shared with neighbouring countries. The vast expanse of plains offers exceptional opportunities for observing Wildlife and positions the park as one of the country’s finest wildlife areas. Key wildlife species conserved within the park include the white-eared kob, Nile lechwe, roan antelope, topi, and elephant.
The near-threatened shoebill and Basra reed warbler were recorded in Gambella back in the 1960s, adding to the park’s unique appeal. Moreover, Gambella is home to 11 Sudan-Guinea Biome species, encompassing 69% of Ethiopia’s total assemblage for this category, making it an important conservation site.
Best Time to Visit Gambella National Park: To make the most of your visit to Gambella National Park, timing is key. The ideal time to experience the park’s diverse ecosystems and observe its remarkable wildlife is during the dry season, which runs from November to April. During this period, the floodwaters recede, revealing lush grasslands and allowing for easier wildlife spotting. The temperatures are pleasantly warm, creating a comfortable environment for exploration. However, for bird enthusiasts, the wet season from May to October offers a unique opportunity to witness the park’s avian inhabitants in their full glory as they thrive amidst the seasonal wetlands.
In order to fully immerse yourself in the tranquillity of Gambella National Park, it is recommended to stay in one of the park’s comfortable lodges or campsites. These accommodations offer a unique blend of comfort and closeness to nature, allowing you to unwind amidst the sights and sounds of the wilderness.
Riverfront Lodges: Imagine waking up to the gentle sounds of the Baro River flowing by your doorstep. Several lodges situated along the riverbanks offer breathtaking views and provide a perfect base for exploring the park. These lodges offer a range of amenities, from cozy rooms to delicious dining options, ensuring a relaxing and memorable stay.
Serene Campsites: For those seeking a more adventurous experience, the park also offers serene campsites where you can immerse yourself in the pristine natural surroundings. Fall asleep under the starlit sky, lulled by the symphony of nocturnal wildlife. These campsites provide basic facilities, allowing you to reconnect with nature in its purest form.
When packing for your trip to Gambella National Park, it is essential to come prepared for the unique experiences and diverse environments you’ll encounter. Here are some items to include in your travel essentials:
Safari Clothing: Opt for lightweight, breathable clothing in neutral colors to blend seamlessly with the natural surroundings. Long-sleeved shirts and pants provide protection against the sun, insects, and thorny vegetation. Don’t forget to pack a wide-brimmed hat and a sturdy pair of walking shoes for comfort during your explorations.
Binoculars and Camera: Gambella National Park is a wildlife enthusiast’s paradise. Ensure you capture those unforgettable moments by packing a high-quality camera and a pair of binoculars. Witness the elegant movements of the white-eared kob or the intricate patterns of a passing bird in astonishing detail.
Insect Repellent and Sunscreen: Protect yourself from the elements by packing insect repellent to ward off mosquitoes and other pesky insects. Additionally, apply sunscreen with a high SPF rating to shield your skin from the African sun’s rays.
Medications and First Aid Kit: It’s always wise to carry a small first aid kit containing essential medications, bandages, and any prescription medications you may require. Consult with your healthcare provider prior to your trip for any necessary vaccinations or medical advice.
While Gambella National Park offers a captivating and immersive experience, it’s important to prioritize safety during your visit. Here are some safety tips
Engage the Services of a Knowledgeable Guide: To ensure a safe and enriching experience, it is highly recommended to hire a knowledgeable local guide who is familiar with the park’s terrain, wildlife behavior, and potential hazards. They will provide valuable insights, enhance your understanding of the ecosystem, and prioritize your safety throughout your journey.
Respect Wildlife and Maintain a Safe Distance: Gambella National Park is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including some large mammals. While encountering these magnificent creatures is undoubtedly thrilling, it is crucial to remember that they are wild animals. Always maintain a respectful distance and avoid approaching or attempting to touch them. Observing from a safe distance not only protects your safety but also ensures the well-being of the animals.
Be Aware of Potential Hazards: Gambella National Park, like any natural environment, presents potential hazards. Stay alert and mindful of your surroundings. Be cautious of uneven terrain, fallen branches, or slippery surfaces, especially during rainy periods. It is also advisable to check weather conditions before setting out and to avoid exploring the park during severe weather events.
Follow Park Rules and Regulations: Familiarize yourself with the park’s rules and regulations, as they are in place to protect both visitors and the ecosystem. Respect any designated restricted areas, follow the designated trails, and adhere to any instructions provided by park staff. These measures ensure your safety and contribute to the preservation of this pristine wilderness.
Stay Hydrated and Carry Sufficient Supplies: The African sun can be intense, particularly during the dry season. Stay hydrated by carrying an adequate supply of water and replenish it regularly. Additionally, pack snacks or meals to sustain you throughout your explorations. Avoid littering and keep the park clean by disposing of waste responsibly.
Inform Others of Your Plans: Before venturing into Gambella National Park, inform someone trustworthy about your itinerary and expected return time. This precautionary measure ensures that someone is aware of your whereabouts and can raise the alarm if necessary.
