Abijata Shala Lake National Park covers a vast expanse of 887 square kilometers, with 482 square kilometers comprising the lakes’ water bodies. It is situated 200 kilometres south of Addis Ababa and east of the Batu–Shashamane highway, in the Oromia Region and the Ethiopian Highlands region.
Nestled in the East Shewa Zone, the park encompasses the captivating combination of Lakes Abijatta and Shalla, along with the surrounding land.
The park’s altitude varies between 1500 and 2000 meters, featuring the majestic Mt Fike as its highest peak, situated harmoniously between the two lakes. These lakes, although terminal, possess distinct characteristics.
The primary purpose behind the establishment of this park is to provide a sanctuary for various species of aquatic birds, most notably the remarkable great white pelicans and the magnificent greater and lesser flamingoes.
The islands within the lakes serve as vital breeding grounds for numerous bird species, including pelicans, while Lake Abijata serves as their abundant feeding sanctuary. The diverse avian population in the area also includes the elegant white-necked cormorant, the majestic African fish eagle, the captivating Egyptian goose, various species of plovers, and graceful herons.
Lake Abijatta, characterized by its shallow depths reaching up to 14 meters, stands in stark contrast to Lake Shalla, residing within the crater of an extinct volcano, boasting a remarkable depth of up to 266 meters. These lakes lack outlets and possess alkaline waters. Lake Abijatta, once encompassing an area of 19,600 hectares with a shoreline extending 60 kilometers, used to teem with fish.
However, by 1995, the lake experienced a significant shrinkage, resulting in the disappearance of fish-eating birds. Presently, water is being extracted from the lake to support a soda-ash extraction plant, while the Bulbula River provides irrigation. Consequently, fish and aquatic plants are now predominantly found near the mouth of the Bulbula and Hora Kelo rivers.
The shoreline of Lake Abijatta features a gentle slope. In close proximity, the Acacia woodland, which previously boasted a dense canopy reaching approximately 25 meters in height, has undergone extensive deforestation, with most trees being felled for charcoal production or sold as fuelwood.
South of Lake Abijatta lies Lake Shalla, separated by a narrow strip of higher land that forms part of the old crater rim. This lake, spanning an area of around 33,000 hectares with a shoreline stretching 118 kilometers, exhibits unique characteristics.
Several hot springs, emitting a somewhat sulphurous aroma, grace the lake’s perimeter, while nine islands, at least four of which serve as significant bird breeding sites, add to its allure. Bulrushes thrive at the confluence of hot springs and rivers, but the majority of the shoreline consists of steep cliffs, limiting the presence of wading birds and making the lake unsuitable for fish habitation.
The vegetation to the east and south of Lake Shalla showcases the Acacia-Euphorbia savanna, featuring prevalent tree species such as the woodland Acacia spp. (A. etbaica and A. tortilis), Euphorbia abyssinica, and Maytenus senegalensis shrubs. The woodland surrounding the lakes plays a vital role in preserving the delicate soil structure. In undisturbed and ungrazed areas, a rich grass and herb flora thrives, further enriching the park’s natural beauty.
The remarkable abundance of wildlife within Abijata Shala Lake National Park is truly awe-inspiring, with over 400 species documented within its borders. Situated at one of the narrowest sections of the Great Rift Valley, the park serves as a crucial migratory route for both Palearctic and African bird species, particularly raptors, flamingos, and other waterbirds.
The park’s significance in conservation efforts is evident through the presence of globally threatened species, including Aquila heliaca, a rare passage migrant, Falco naumanni, an uncommon passage migrant with a few wintering individuals, Circus macrourus, a fairly common passage migrant with a few wintering individuals, and Acrocephalus griseldis, whose status is currently unknown. Additionally, Glareola nordmanni has been recorded within the park’s boundaries.
Although the decline of fish in Lake Abijatta has led to the departure of fish-eating birds, the park remains a sanctuary for a multitude of wetland species. Among them, the vibrant Phoenicopterus ruber and P. minor, with their numbers fluctuating, find solace in the fringes of Lake Abijatta as they feed and rest. Anas clypeata, Recurvirostra avosetta, Calidris minuta, and Philomachus pugnax are among the waders and ducks that find the shoreline of Lake Abijatta an essential habitat.
Remarkable congregations of smaller insectivorous birds such as Motacilla flava and Hirundo rustica have also been documented.
The islands of Lake Shalla, once significant breeding sites for cormorants, storks, and pelicans, still host colonies of Phalacrocorax carbo and a small number of Pelecanus onocrotalus. Notably, one endemic species, Poicephalus flavifrons, and five Afrotropical Highlands biome species have also been recorded within the park, showcasing its importance in preserving unique biodiversity.
In addition to its avian wonders, Abijata Shala Lake National Park is home to a range of captivating mammals. Major wildlife species that find refuge in the park include the majestic great white pelican, the enchanting lesser flamingo, the elegant white-necked cormorant, and the graceful Grant’s gazelle.
Other remarkable animals found in the park’s diverse ecosystem include the majestic greater kudu, the resilient warthog, the playful anubis baboon, the agile grivet, the elusive guereza, the graceful oribi, the nimble klipspringer, and the elusive jacal. A total of 31 mammal species have been recorded within the park, with none being endemic.
The park’s avifauna and biodiversity are further complemented by an impressive array of bird species. A total of 299 bird species have been documented within the park’s boundaries, with six of them being endemic to the region. These numbers demonstrate the park’s significance as a haven for avian diversity.
Visiting Abijata Shala Lake National Park offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the enchanting beauty of its lakes, witness the incredible variety of bird species, and encounter an impressive array of wildlife. The park’s diverse landscapes, from the shallow depths of Lake Abijatta to the deep crater of Lake Shalla, provide a stunning backdrop for nature enthusiasts and conservationists alike. Embark on a journey through this captivating national park and experience the wonders of Ethiopia’s natural heritage.
Discover the optimal time to immerse yourself in the captivating beauty of Abijata Shala Lake National Park. This exceptional destination invites nature enthusiasts and wildlife aficionados to embark on an unforgettable journey. The best time to visit this park is during the dry season, which typically spans from October to February. During this period, the weather is pleasant, with moderate temperatures and minimal rainfall, allowing visitors to explore the park comfortably.
The dry season presents a fantastic opportunity to witness the remarkable birdlife that graces the park’s lakes. Flocks of great white pelicans and flamingoes adorn the shores, creating a spectacle of vibrant colors against the backdrop of the serene waters. Migratory birds also make their appearances, adding to the diversity of avian species. Be prepared to witness awe-inspiring raptors, elegant herons, and a plethora of other waterbirds as they soar through the skies.
Indulge in a serene and authentic experience by choosing the perfect accommodation for your stay in Abijata Shala Lake National Park. The park offers a range of lodging options to suit various preferences, ensuring a comfortable and memorable visit.
Lakefront Resorts: Immerse yourself in nature’s embrace by opting for one of the lakefront resorts. These enchanting retreats provide stunning views of the shimmering lakes and offer a tranquil ambiance that allows you to connect with the park’s natural wonders. Enjoy cozy and well-appointed rooms, delicious cuisine featuring local flavors, and exceptional hospitality that will make your stay truly memorable.
Eco-Lodges: For those seeking a sustainable and eco-friendly experience, the park boasts eco-lodges that blend harmoniously with the surrounding environment. These accommodations prioritize environmental conservation while providing comfortable and unique lodging options. Experience the beauty of the park while treading lightly on the earth, knowing that your stay contributes to the preservation of this pristine ecosystem.
Tented Camps: For an adventurous and immersive experience, consider staying in one of the tented camps within the park. These camps offer a blend of luxury and wilderness, allowing you to reconnect with nature without compromising on comfort. Fall asleep to the sounds of the surrounding wildlife and wake up to breathtaking views of the lakes and the rising sun.
Ensure you are well-prepared for your journey to Abijata Shala Lake National Park by packing the essential items that will enhance your experience and keep you comfortable throughout your visit. Here’s a comprehensive packing list:
Binoculars: Don’t miss out on the mesmerizing birdlife and wildlife sightings. A good pair of binoculars will bring the distant creatures up close, allowing you to appreciate their beauty in detail.
Camera and Photography Equipment: Capture the enchanting landscapes and the stunning avian and wildlife species with your camera. Whether you’re a professional photographer or an amateur enthusiast, the park’s beauty demands to be immortalized.
Sun Protection: The African sun can be intense, so pack sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from harmful rays. Additionally, consider lightweight, breathable clothing to shield your skin from the sun while keeping you cool.
Comfortable Walking Shoes: Explore the park’s diverse terrain comfortably with sturdy, comfortable walking shoes or boots. The park’s trails and paths are waiting to be discovered, and comfortable footwear is essential for an enjoyable experience.
Insect Repellent: As with any outdoor adventure, insect repellent is a must. Protect yourself from pesky mosquitoes and other insects that may be present in the park. Opt for a repellent that contains DEET or other effective ingredients to ensure maximum protection.
Layered Clothing: The weather in Abijata Shala Lake National Park can be variable, so it’s wise to pack layered clothing. Mornings and evenings can be cooler, while daytime temperatures can rise. Dressing in layers allows you to adjust your clothing accordingly, ensuring comfort throughout the day.
Water Bottle: Staying hydrated is crucial during your visit. Carry a reusable water bottle and fill it up at the park’s designated water stations to minimize plastic waste and keep yourself refreshed.
Snacks and Picnic Supplies: Pack some light snacks and picnic supplies to enjoy a meal amidst nature’s splendor. There are designated picnic areas in the park where you can savor your culinary delights while taking in the breathtaking surroundings.
First Aid Kit: It’s always prudent to have a basic first aid kit on hand. Include essentials such as band-aids, antiseptic ointment, pain relievers, and any necessary prescription medications you may require.
Prioritize your safety and make the most of your visit to Abijata Shala Lake National Park by following these essential safety tips:
Respect Wildlife and Maintain Distance: While it’s tempting to get closer to the park’s wildlife, it’s crucial to maintain a safe distance. Respect the animals’ natural habitat and observe them from a distance to ensure their well-being and your own safety.
Follow Park Regulations and Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with the park’s regulations and guidelines before your visit. Observe any restrictions, stay on designated trails, and adhere to the instructions provided by park authorities to ensure a safe and responsible visit.
Stay Hydrated and Protected from the Sun: Abijata Shala Lake National Park experiences a warm climate, so it’s vital to stay hydrated and protect yourself from the sun. Drink plenty of water, apply sunscreen regularly, wear a hat, and seek shade during the hottest hours of the day.
Inform Others of Your Itinerary: Before entering the park, inform someone trustworthy of your itinerary. Share details such as your expected duration of stay and the trails or areas you plan to explore. This ensures that someone is aware of your presence in the park and can alert authorities if necessary.
Be Prepared for Outdoor Adventures: As with any outdoor excursion, be prepared for unforeseen circumstances. Carry essentials such as a map, compass, flashlight, and extra batteries. Familiarize yourself with the park’s layout and plan your activities accordingly.
Travel in Groups: Whenever possible, explore the park with a group or a reputable guide. This enhances safety and allows for a richer experience as you can learn from their expertise and share the wonders of the park with fellow adventurers.
Emergency Contacts: Save the park’s emergency contact numbers on your phone and keep them easily accessible. In case of any emergencies or concerns, you can reach out to the appropriate authorities promptly.
Abijata Shala Lake National Park beckons you to witness its awe-inspiring beauty and experience the wonders of its diverse ecosystem. By following these safety tips and being prepared, you can fully immerse yourself in the park’s natural splendor while ensuring a safe and memorable journey. Let the enchantment of this remarkable destination captivate your soul and leave you with cherished memories that will last a lifetime.
